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| 开封凹陷新近系地热流体地球化学特征及成因 |
| （1．河南省地质局地质灾害防治中心，河南 郑州 450012；2. 河南省自然资源科技创新中心（豫北地热能清洁能源研究），河南 郑州 450012） 摘 要：河南省平原地区中低温地热资源因长期不合理开采引发地下水位下降与资源浪费，探究地热水化学特征空间差异及其成因机制对地热水资源的可持续开发利用具有重要意义。研究以开封凹陷地热区为研究对象，综合运用多元统计分析、Peason相关性分析、正定矩阵因子分析模型（PMF）与二氧化硅地热温标等方法，系统分析了地热水的水化学与氢氧稳定同位素组成特征，探讨了该地热水补给来源、热储温度与水化学形成机制。研究结果表明：研究区地热水主要源自山区大气降水，循环深度为1360.9 ~ 2545.1 m，热储温度介于44.0 ~ 94.1℃之间，明化镇组地热水循 |
| 投稿时间：2026-03-24 修订日期：2026-05-13 |
| DOI： |
| 中文关键词: 地热流体 补给来源 地球化学特征 成因机制 开封凹陷 |
| 英文关键词:geothermal fluids recharge source geochemical characteristics formation mechanism Kaifeng Depression |
| 基金项目:郑州市主城区与东部新城区地热资源勘查评价 |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 河南省平原地区中低温地热资源因长期不合理开采引发地下水位下降与资源浪费，探究地热水化学特征空间差异及其成因机制对地热水资源的可持续开发利用具有重要意义。研究以开封凹陷为研究对象，综合运用多元统计分析、Peason相关性分析、正定矩阵因子分析模型（PMF）与二氧化硅地热温标等方法，系统分析了地热水的水化学与氢氧稳定同位素组成特征，探讨了该地热水补给来源、热储温度与水化学形成机制。研究结果表明：研究区地热水主要源自山区大气降水，循环深度为1 360.9 ~ 2 545.1 m，热储温度介于57.6 ~ 94.1 ℃之间，明化镇组地热水循环深度与热储温度变化范围大于馆陶组地热水；大气降水沿断裂或裂隙通道向深部入渗，在地温与深部地热水的共同作用下，经长期的水-岩相互作用形成了HCO?-Na型地热水，其水化学组成在垂直方向上呈现明显的分异性；地热水化学组成受碳酸盐、蒸发岩和硅酸盐风化的共同影响，其中硅酸盐风化与阳离子交换作用在化学成分的形成与演化中占据主导地位。研究成果将为开封凹陷乃至河南省平原地区地热资源的高效合理开发利用提供科学依据。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| With the long-term unsustainable exploitation, the medium to low temperature geothermal water in the plain areas of Henan Province have experienced a water table decline and resource wastage. Under the influence of complex tectonic units, investigating the spatial differences in the hydrochemical characteristics and underlying formation mechanisms is of great importance for the sustainable development and utilization of geothermal water resources. This study focuses on the Kaifeng Depression and systematically analyzes the hydrochemical and hydrogen-oxygen stable isotope compositions of geothermal water with the combination of multivariate statistical analysis, Pearson correlation, Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF), and silica geothermometer. The results indicate that the geothermal water in the study area primarily originates from atmospheric precipitation in mountainous regions, with the circulation depth of 1 360.9-2 545.1 m and reservoir temperature ranging from 57.6 to 94.1 °C. The variation range of the circulation depth and reservoir temperature of the geothermal water in the Minghua Town Formation is greater than that in the Guantao Formation. During deep circulation along faults or fractures, prolonged water-rock interactions with the combined effect of geothermal heating and deep geothermal water have led to the formation of HCO?-Na-type geothermal water with hydrochemical compositions exhibiting significant regular differentiation in both horizontal and vertical directions. The hydrochemical compositions of the geothermal water are jointly influenced by the weathering of carbonates, evaporites, and silicates, with silicate weathering and cation exchange playing dominant roles in the formation and evolution of its chemical components. These findings provide a scientific basis for the efficient and rational development and utilization of geothermal resources in the Kaifeng Depression and the broader plain regions of Henan Province. |
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