| 徐周鸿达,郑君,窦斌,田红.超临界CO2压裂技术研究现状与发展挑战[J].地质找矿论丛,2026,41(1):39-49 |
| 超临界CO2压裂技术研究现状与发展挑战 |
| Research Status and Development Challenges of Supercritical CO2 Fracturing Technology |
| 投稿时间：2026-02-04 修订日期：2026-03-05 |
| DOI：10.6053/j.issn.1001-1412.2026.01.004 |
| 中文关键词: 干热岩 超临界CO2 压裂技术 数值模拟 裂缝扩展规律 |
| 英文关键词:hot dry rock supercritical CO2 fracturing technology numerical simulation fracture propagation law |
| 基金项目:广东省自然科学基金-面上项目“CO2循环泵注干热岩综合致裂机理与高效压裂调控研究”（2025A1515012668）资助。 |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 在“双碳”目标引领与传统化石能源替代需求驱动下，干热岩作为储量巨大、清洁环保的地热资源，商业化开发多受限于传统水力压裂技术。超临界CO2凭借状态稳定、低黏度、强扩散性及协同碳封存等独特优势，成为干热岩储层改造的理想工质。在物理特性与增产机理方面，超临界CO2兼具液、气两相优势，通过扩大渗流面积、置换吸附态烃类、降低原油黏度等机制实现增产，并具有良好的干热岩高温高压储层适应性。在实验研究方面，基于高温高压压裂-渗流多场耦合模拟试验平台的构建，实现了压裂过程多参数的动态监测；现场试验验证了该技术在形成复杂裂缝网络及弱化地应力主导作用方面的优越性。在裂缝扩展模拟方面，连续介质法与离散介质法为裂缝起裂与扩展规律研究提供了有效手段，揭示了储层参数与工程参数对裂缝形态的影响机制。本文通过系统梳理超临界CO2压裂技术在理论、实验与数值模拟方面的研究成果，旨在为该技术在干热岩开发中的应用提供理论支撑与实践指导，进而推动干热岩资源的高效开发利用。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Driven by the “dual carbon” goals and the demand for replacing traditional fossil fuels, hot dry rock (HDR)—a geothermal resource characterized by vast reserves, cleanliness, and environmental friendliness—faces constraints in commercial development due to significant limitations of conventional hydraulic fracturing technology. Supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO2), leveraging unique advantages such as thermodynamic stability, low viscosity, high diffusivity, and synergy with carbon sequestration, has emerged as an ideal working fluid for HDR reservoir stimulation. This paper systematically reviews key advances in SC-CO2 fracturing technology: regarding physical properties and stimulation mechanisms, SC-CO2 combines attributes of both liquid and gas phases, enabling reservoir stimulation through mechanisms including expansion of the seepage area, displacement of adsorbed hydrocarbons, and reduction of crude oil viscosity, while exhibiting excellent compatibility with the high-temperature, high-pressure conditions of HDR reservoirs; in experimental research, a multi-field coupling simulation test platform for fracturing and seepage under high temperature and high pressure has been developed, allowing dynamic monitoring of multiple parameters during fracturing, and field trials have confirmed its superiority in generating complex fracture networks and mitigating the dominant influence of in-situ stress; in fracture propagation modeling, continuum and discrete medium methods provide effective approaches for investigating fracture initiation and propagation dynamics, elucidating the effects of reservoir and engineering parameters on fracture morphology. By synthesizing theoretical, experimental, and simulation advances in SC-CO2 fracturing technology, this paper provides theoretical support and practical guidance for its optimized application in HDR development, thereby promoting the efficient utilization of clean geothermal resources and contributing to achieving of the “dual carbon” goals. |
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